Citric acid is a weak organic acid, and is triprotic. It is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour, taste to foods and soft drinks. In biochemistry, it is important as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle and therefore occurs in the metabolism of almost all living things. It also serves as an environmentally benign cleaning agent and acts as an antioxidant.
Citric acid exists in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; It can constitute as much as 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (1.44 and 1.38 grams per ounce of the juices, respectively). The concentrations of citric acid in citrus fruits range from. 005 mol/L for oranges and grapefruits to. 030 mol/L in lemons and limes. These values will vary depending on the circumstances in which the fruit was grown.
Applications
The dominant use of citric acid is as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages, especially soft drinks.Within the European Union it is denoted by E number E330. Citrate salts of various metals are used to deliver those minerals in a biologically available form in many dietary supplements. The buffering properties of citrates are used to control pH in household cleaners and pharmaceuticals. In the United States the purity requirements for citric acid as a food additive are defined by the Food Chemicals Codex, which is published by the United States Pharmacopoeia
Foods, other
Citric acid can be added to ice cream as an emulsifying agent to keep fats from separating, to caramel to prevent sucrose crystallization, or to recipes in place of fresh lemon juice. Citric acid is used with sodium bicarbonate in a wide range of effervescent formulae, both for ingestion (e.g., powders and tablets) and for personal care (e.g., bath salts, bath bombs, and cleaning of grease). Citric acid is also often used in cleaning products and sodas or fizzy drinks.
Citric acid sold in a dry powdered form is commonly sold in markets and groceries as "sour salt", due to its physical resemblance to table salt. It has use in culinary applications where an acid is needed for either its chemical properties or for its sour flavor, but a dry ingredient is needed and additional flavors are unwanted (e.g., instead of vinegar or lemon juice)
Specification:
| Item |
Standard |
Result |
| Characteristics |
Colorless or white crystal |
Colorless or white crystal |
| Identification Test |
Pass the test |
Pass the test |
| Clarity & Colour of Solution |
20% Water Solution Clarity |
20% Water Solution Clarity |
| Assay |
99.5% - 101.0% |
99.89% |
| Moisture |
≤ 0.5% |
0.10% |
| Sulphated Ash |
≤ 0.05% |
0.02% |
| Sulphate |
≤ 150ppm |
< 30ppm |
| Oxalate |
≤ 100ppm |
< 20ppm |
| Calcium |
≤ 200ppm |
< 20ppm |
| Heavy Metals |
≤ 5ppm |
< 1ppm |
| Iron |
≤ 50ppm |
< 1ppm |
| Chloride |
≤ 50ppm |
< 5ppm |
| Readily carbureted substance |
Standard colour |
Less than standard colour |
| Barium |
Pass the test |
Pass the test |
| Endotoxin of Germ |
≤ 0.5 IU/MG |
< 0.5 IU/MG |
| Aluminium |
≤ 0.2ppm |
< 0.2ppm |
| Arsenic |
≤ 1ppm |
< 0.1ppm |
| Mercury |
≤ 1ppm |
< 0.1ppm |
| Lead |
≤ 0.5ppm |
< 0.5ppm |
| Organic volatile impurity |
Pass the test |
Pass the test |
| Tridodecylamine |
|
< 0.1ppm |
| U.V.Radiation absorption value |
|
Pass the test |
| Mesh size |
30-100 mesh ≥ 90% |
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