Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It is the simplest aromatic aldehyde and one of the most industrially useful. This colorless liquid has a characteristic pleasant almond-like odor. In fact, benzaldehyde is the primary component of bitter almond oil and can be extracted from a number of other natural sources.
Production
Benzaldehyde can be obtained by many processes. In the 1980s, an estimated 18 million kilograms were produced annually in Japan, Europe, and North America, a level that can be assumed to continue. Currently liquid phase chlorination and oxidation of toluene are the main routes. Numerous other methods have been developed, such as the partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol, alkali hydrolysis of benzal chloride, and the carbonylation of benzene.
Benzaldehyde can be synthesized from cinnamaldehyde obtained from the oil of cinnamon by refluxing in aqueous/alcoholic solution between 90 ° C and 150 ° C with a base (most commonly sodium carbonate or bicarbonate) for 5 to 80 hours, [5] followed by distillation of the formed benzaldehyde. This reaction also yields acetaldehyde.
Uses
It is commonly employed to confer almond flavor. Benzaldehyde is used chiefly as a precursor to other organic compounds, ranging from pharmaceuticals to plastic additives. The aniline dye malachite green is prepared from benzaldehyde and dimethylaniline. It is a precursor to certain acridine dyes as well. Via aldol condensations, benzaldehyde is converted into derivatives of cinnamaldehyde and styrene.
First hydrocyanic acid is added to benzaldehyde, and the resulting nitrile is subsequently hydrolysed to mandelic acid.
Glaciologists LaChapelle and Stillman reported in 1966 that benzaldehyde and N-heptaldehyde inhibit the recrystallization of snow and therefore the formation of depth hoar. This treatment may prevent avalanches caused by unstable depth hoar layers. However, the chemicals are not in widespread use because they damage vegetation and contaminate water supplies.
Safety
Benzaldehyde has been classified as a hazardous substance by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Benzaldehyde is used as a flavoring and fragrance in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soap and is "generally regarded as safe" (GRAS) by the US FDA.
Product Name: Benzaldehyde
Synonyms:
benzoic aldehyde; BENZALADEHYDE; NATURAL BENZALADEHYDE
CAS RN.:
100-52-7
EINECS: 202-860-4
Molecular Weight: 106.1219
Molecular Formula: C7H6O
Density: 1.049g/cm3
Melting Point(ºC): -26ºC
Boiling Point(ºC): 178.7°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point(ºC): 62.8°C
refractive_index: 1.566
Water Solubility: <0.01 g/100 mL at 19.5ºC
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